Trees are adorned for their beauty and appreciated because of the shade and protection that they provide. The fall season reminds us just how beautiful trees can be as their leaves change to orange, red or yellow. The colors are a natural part of a tree’s lifecycle – part of its health. These vivid colors appear on purpose, not by accident.
Why do leaves change color?
During the cooler months trees need to save their energy, and by doing so they stop producing chlorophyll, which is what keeps their leaves so green during the warmer time of the year. As the cooler temperatures begin to settle in, it kick-starts this energy saving process. Trees essentially hibernate during the winter.
But, what actually determines the specific color of red, yellow, or orange leaves?
Red
Sudden drops in temperature can make leaves turn red, although red is mostly caused by a protectant that absorbs UV rays, helping the leaf last longer. Anthocyanins – molecules found in plants, is responsible for turning plants red.
Yellow
Carotenoid is a pigment found in leaves that keep them healthy throughout the growing season. It is also what causes leaves to turn orange or yellow during the fall. During the spring and summer, however, chlorophyll essentially covers up the production of this pigment.
Why the difference in colors?
Trees are unique. In fact, scientists estimate that there are about 60,000 different tree species worldwide. Some species such as red oak or sumac, contain high levels of anthocyanins, hence why they produce red leaves during the fall. Sometimes, trees change color due to different amounts of sunlight hitting the leaves. Longer exposure to the sun results in more red leaves, while areas receiving less light may have leaves of different shades.
Why do some leaves change early?
If you notice trees changing color before cooler temperatures actually settle in, it could be a sign of a problem. The tree could be dehydrated, which is known to happen in areas of Tennessee since it remains hot and dry through the early part of fall. The tree could also be infested with insects, diseased, or damaged.
Why do some trees remain green year round?
Notice how some trees remain green throughout the harsh winter? These are called evergreens, which contain anti-freeze chemicals in their cells –a special protectant that keeps them from losing color in even the harshest temperatures. Wax coating on fir or pine trees acts as an additional layer of protection, even from ice.
As you can see, many environmental factors affect how vibrant and beautiful your trees will be during the fall. However, as a homeowner, you have some control over whether your trees will be beautiful in the fall. Trees require maintenance year-round to ensure they stay properly hydrated, trimmed or pruned, and free of diseases and infestations, all of which can help your trees to produce the most stunning fall foliage.
Tree Care in the Tri-Cities
Promier Tree has arborists on staff with all the training and experience to handle any tree-related issue or emergency you might experience. We can have your trees ready for the upcoming winter to ensure the safety of your property and your home. Schedule an initial consultation today by calling our office at (423) 872-2988.
Promier Tree serves the areas of Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport, TN.